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But what is “relevant” is not always clear. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when it’s relevant to the story being told. Otherwise, paraphrase and use a more acceptable term. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that it’s fundamental to the story. Of course, our sources don’t always speak the way we write. “Severe” implies judgement “significant” might be better. As you’ll see below, “high functioning” and “low functioning” are considered offensive.

Similarly, there is not really a good way to describe the nature of a condition.

“Disorder” is ubiquitous when it comes to medical references and the same is true for “special” when used in “special education,” so there are times when it’s appropriate to use them, as is evidenced in this guide. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms - not even close. The word “condition” is often a good substitute that avoids judgment.

Be sensitive when using words like “disorder,” “impairment,” “abnormality” and “special” to describe the nature of a disability.

Avoid made-up words like “diversability” and “handicapable” unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization.

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If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described.Refer to a disability only when it’s relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional.The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021.įirst, we would like to offer some basic guidelines: This style guide, which covers dozens of words and terms commonly used when referring to disability, can help.

Even the term “disability” is not universally accepted.

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You can also download the NCDJ Style Guide as a PDF.Īs language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. You can also access a Romanian translation of the guide here. Access the Spanish language translation of this guide here.Īn Italian version of the guide is available here.

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